{"id":858,"date":"2020-03-09T18:25:47","date_gmt":"2020-03-09T18:25:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sesdergisi.ca\/?p=858"},"modified":"2020-03-09T18:25:47","modified_gmt":"2020-03-09T18:25:47","slug":"surgun-kalemler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sesdergisi.ca\/?p=858","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fcrg\u00fcn Kalemler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u015eER\u0130F AYDIN\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cAnadolu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc bol, s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi kolay bir \u00fclke\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u00e7ok olan bir yurt\u2026\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk ve d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131 kalemini s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flar\u0131n edebiyat\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130tiraz edecek bir s\u00f6z\u00fc olanlar\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn listesinde ismi ge\u00e7ti\u011fini g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Gittikleri \u00fclkelerin dilini \u00f6\u011frenseler de, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc o tapraklarda tatm\u0131\u015f olsalar da dilin s\u00fcrg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hep s\u00fcr\u00fcp gitmi\u015f. Kimisi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc savunmu\u015f da s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, kimi haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa isyan etti\u011finden… Sat\u0131rlar\u0131nda asi bir ruhun de\u011fil, ba\u015f e\u011fmeyen bir f\u0131trat\u0131n izleri var. Bu ise tek seslili\u011fi istemeyen iktidarlar\u0131n listesine girmeye ve can\u0131 kadar sevdi\u011fi topraklardan kopar\u0131lmaya sebep say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kimler yok ki bu listede. Sa\u011fc\u0131s\u0131-solcusu, dindar\u0131-sek\u00fcleri, milliyet\u00e7isi-liberali\u2026 S\u00f6z\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7 kimin elindeyse kan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6b\u00fcr mahallenin \u00f6zg\u00fcr ruhlu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na \u00fclkeyi yasaklam\u0131\u015f. Bu yasaklar\u0131n kimi aylar kimi y\u0131llar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, kimileri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6zlemle hasret \u015fiirlerini yazm\u0131\u015f kimi ad\u0131na memleket hikayeleri diyece\u011fi \u00f6yk\u00fcler kaleme kalm\u0131\u015f. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnde olan kalemler geldi\u011fi topraklar\u0131n dilini \u00f6\u011frenseler de Osman Necmi G\u00fcrmen\u2019in d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hepsi eserlerini kendi dilinde yazm\u0131\u015f. Asl\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle diyeyim. Gurbet dev kafalar\u0131n meskeni olmu\u015f T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131 i\u00e7in.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu dil hasreti sadece T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131na mahsus de\u011fil, tabi ki. Otuz y\u0131la yak\u0131n Paris\u2019te oturan Arjantinli yazar Julio Costazar, \u0130spanyolca yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece \u00fclkesinden uzakta olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor. Asturias bundan farkl\u0131 de\u011fil. Peru\u2019lu Manuel Scorza, Ant da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n meltemini Paris\u2019te sat\u0131rlara d\u00f6k\u00fcyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Yak\u0131n tarih s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc en fazla ya\u015fayan \u00fclkelerden biri hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz Nazi Almanyas\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edebiyat\u0131 diye toparlanan bu kalemler Almanya\u2019da \u2018Exilliteratur\u2019 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda yani \u2018s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edebiyat\u0131\u2019 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lgin\u00e7 olan ise bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131na giren Alman modern klasiklerinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca yazarlar\u0131 i\u015fte bu isimlerdir: Broch, Heinrich Mann, Brecht, Thomas Mann, Musil, Werfel, D\u00f6blin, Zuckmayer, Zewing gibi. Kimileri k\u0131ta de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f kimileri \u00fclke. Viyana, Amsterdam, Paris, Moskova, \u0130svi\u00e7re kentleri, \u0130skandinavya, Amerika, Arjantin, \u015eili, Birezilya ve Meksika gibi \u00fclkeleri mesken tutmu\u015f bu kalemler y\u0131llar sonra unutulmaz izler b\u0131rakacak eserlerini buralarda vermi\u015fler.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn y\u0131llar\u0131 ise geride kalanlar\u0131n haberi ve hasretleri yer yer hikayelere ve romanlara konu olmu\u015f. Refik Halit Karay\u2019\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi gibi s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde memlekettekilerle haberle\u015fmek en b\u00fcy\u00fck teselli kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Mektuplar bu s\u00fcrecin en \u00f6nemli \u015fahitleri. Nam\u0131k Kemal\u2019in Malta Mektuplar\u0131, Naz\u0131m Hikmet\u2019in Piraye\u2019ye Mektuplar gibi. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir tutan ve yer yer grur abideleri denebilecek bu kalemler Anadolu tarihi i\u00e7in bir kare lekedir ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131. Birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek vereyim.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1618\u2019de do\u011fup 1694\u2019te vefat eden N\u0130YAZ\u0130-\u0130 MISR\u0130 yan\u0131k bir \u015fairdir. Kelimelerinin g\u00fcc\u00fc kulaklar\u0131n\u0131za iner, ordan da kalbinize. Saray taraf\u0131ndan Edirne\u2019ye \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lan M\u0131sr\u00ee, baz\u0131 s\u00f6zleri be\u011fenilmez, bunun \u00fczerine Rodos\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. Rodos Osmanl\u0131 devrinin s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerine ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle talihsiz bir mekan. Rodos s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc 9 ay s\u00fcrer Misri\u2019nin. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnden sonra Bursa\u2019ya d\u00f6nen \u015fair, halk ve bilim adamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda fikirleri anla\u015f\u0131lamaz, su\u00e7lan\u0131r ve fikirleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Limni Adas\u0131\u2019na s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilir. Eserlerinden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7en bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 78 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir pir-i faniyken tekrardan Limni Adas\u0131\u2019na s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. Bu son s\u00fcrg\u00fcn M\u0131sr\u00ee\u2019yi ciddi y\u0131prat\u0131r ve \u015fair bu adada 1694\u2019te hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

KE\u00c7EC\u0130ZADE \u0130ZZET MOLLA 1785-1829 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015far.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Su\u00e7u \u201cHalet\u2019in can\u0131n\u0131 hakk, mal\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131 mir\u00ee\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kald\u0131 ehl-i hasede h\u00e2yeleriyle k\u00eeri\u201d beytini tanzim etmek, devrin sadrazam\u0131 Hamdullah Pa\u015fa aleyhinde s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylemek ve devlete kar\u015f\u0131 olmak. Bu iddialarla 1832 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ke\u015fan\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. Ke\u00e7ecizade s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesini ve devlet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilmesini hak etmedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylese de dinleyen olmaz. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnde kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cMihnet- Ke\u015fan\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde \u015f\u00f6yle dile getirmi\u015ftir:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cDe\u011fildi s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz devlete itiraz\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Edenlerde varsa bula ink\u0131raz\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dedim onlara \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcz \u00e7ok ola\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u0131yanet eden devlete yok ola\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ile Rusyan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi\u011fi bug\u00fcnlere tevafuk eden bir durum var\u00a0<\/span>\u015fairin hayat\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

Ke\u00e7ecizade, Osmanl\u0131-Rus sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde arkada\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte bu sava\u015fa girecek g\u00fcc\u00fcn ve moralin yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sava\u015fa haz\u0131r olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini padi\u015faha bildirir. E\u011fer bu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara ra\u011fmen sava\u015fa girilirse, sava\u015f\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar getirece\u011fine y\u00f6nelik bir \u201cLayiha\u201d haz\u0131rlay\u0131p saraya sunar. Ne mi olur? \u0130zzet Molla bu Layiha\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerine 16 Eyl\u00fcl 1828 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sivas\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. Tarih onu hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karsa da s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fayan kendisi olur yine de.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

AL\u0130 SUAV\u0130, yaz\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir trajikomik vakas\u0131. Suavi 1867 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan Muhbir gazetesinde yazmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burdaki yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda sosyal s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ele\u015ftiren yaz\u0131lara da kaleme al\u0131r. Muhbir Gazetesi\u2019nin 31. say\u0131s\u0131nda Belgrad Kalesi\u2019nin S\u0131rbistan\u2019a terk edilmesini \u00e7ok sert bir dille ele\u015ftirmi\u015f ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetten hesap sormu\u015ftur, baz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n S\u00fcleyman\u015fah t\u00fcrbesini sorgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan soru\u015fturma yedi\u011fi gibi. Bunun \u00fczerine Muhbir h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan kapat\u0131l\u0131r; Ali Suavi ise Kastamonu\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. Ac\u0131 bununla kalm\u0131yor, bug\u00fcne de \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor. Neden mi? Suavi S\u00fcrg\u00fcn nedenini \u0131srarla sorunca \u201cHasbe\u2019l-\u0130cab\u201d (Durum dolay\u0131s\u0131yla) cevab\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Evet \u201cHasbe\u2019l-\u0130cab yani g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn izah\u0131 olmayan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal gibi. B\u00f6yle icab etti diye bir kalem s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ya\u015far\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vatan \u015fairidir NAMIK KEMAL, \u00f6yle bilinir T\u00fcrk edebiyat tarihinde ve sevilir ama vatan\u0131nda s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ya\u015fayanlardan biridir ayn\u0131 zamanda. Nam\u0131k Kemal\u2019in me\u015fhur eseri \u201cVatan Yahut Silistre\u201d oyununun 1 Nisan 1873 gecesi \u0130stanbul\u2019da G\u00fcll\u00fc Agop\u2019un Gedik Pa\u015fa\u2019daki tiyatrosunda sahnelenmesi halk\u0131 co\u015fturup olaylar \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftu. Bu konuda \u0130bret Gazetesi\u2019nde yay\u0131mlanan yaz\u0131lardan sonra gazete bir daha \u00e7\u0131kmamak \u00fczere kapat\u0131ld\u0131, bas\u0131n susturuldu. Hesaps\u0131z sualsiz \u00f6yle istedi Nam\u0131k Kemal ve d\u00f6rt arkada\u015f\u0131 yarg\u0131lanmadan s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilir. Devlet b\u00fcy\u00fckleri \u00f6yle istedi diye hesaps\u0131z, sualsiz Nam\u0131k Kemal Magosa\u2019ya s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn y\u0131llar\u0131 uzun s\u00fcrenlerden biridir vatan \u015fairi ama m\u00fcnbit bir yaz\u0131 hayat\u0131 da olur burda. Magosa s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc 38 ay s\u00fcren Nam\u0131k Kemal; burada G\u00fclnihal, Akif Bey, Zavall\u0131 \u00c7ocuk, Kara Bela ve Cel\u00e2lettin Harzem\u015fah gibi oyunlar\u0131n\u0131 yazar. Ayr\u0131ca Nam\u0131k Kemal Magosa\u2019da \u0130ntibah, Tahribi Harabat, Takibi Harabat, \u0130slam Tarihi gibi \u00f6nemli eserlerini kaleme al\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderen eller bir s\u00fcre sonra insafa gelir, her zaman oldu\u011fu gibi, veya gelmek zorunda kal\u0131r. Nam\u0131k Kemal, 30 May\u0131s 1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan genel af sonucunda yurda d\u00f6ner ama d\u00f6rt y\u0131la yak\u0131n s\u00fcren hasretlik ruhuna i\u015flemi\u015ftir. Nam\u0131k Kemal, II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019e g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi tepkiden ve padi\u015fah aleyhinde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiirler ile birlikte; yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sert ele\u015ftiriler sonucunda tutuklan\u0131r. Bu arada her nekadar Abdulhamid ele\u015ftirilmek kesim taraf\u0131ndan vatana ihanet, de\u011ferlerine sald\u0131r\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lansa da, \u015funu da inkar etmiyorlar: Bu devir \u201cHAF\u0130YE\u201d te\u015fkilat\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015flemi\u015f toplum birbirini gammazlamak i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat kollam\u0131\u015f ve toplum i\u00e7ten i\u00e7e g\u00fcvensizlik \u00fclkesi haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu ortamda Kemal 5 ay hapiste kald\u0131ktan sonra Midilli\u2019ye s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. 19 Temmuz 1877 y\u0131l\u0131nda Midilli\u2019de s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeydi, burada da yazmaya devam etti. Vatan Mersiyesi, Vaveyla, Bir Muhacir K\u0131z\u0131n \u0130mtidad\u0131 adl\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fiirlerini burada k\u00e2\u011f\u0131da ge\u00e7irir. 2 bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l sonra Nam\u0131k Kemal affedilir ve Midilli\u2019de kalmaya devam eder. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u201cCezmi\u201d adl\u0131 tarihi roman\u0131n\u0131 yazar. Tarih, eserleriyle onu tan\u0131sa da o idarecilere k\u0131rg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde hayata veda eder.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

AHMET M\u0130THAT EFEND\u0130 1844- 1912 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131. Ba\u015fka bir Rodos s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. 1873 y\u0131l\u0131nda sahnelenen \u201cVatan Yahut Silistre\u201d adl\u0131 Nam\u0131k Kemal\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 oyunun sahnelenmesinin ard\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan olaylarla birlikte su\u00e7lu bulunup s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilen be\u015f gazeteciden biridir Ahmet Mithat. Otuz sekiz ay s\u00fcren s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda yazmaya devam eden Ahmet Mithat Efendi Rodos\u2019ta \u00e7ok say\u0131da eser yay\u0131nlar. Rodoslu \u00e7ocuklara dersler verir; \u201cMedreseyi S\u00fcleymaniye\u201d adl\u0131 bir ilkokul a\u00e7ar. En \u00fcretken d\u00f6nemlerinden birini ya\u015fayan Ahmet Mithat \u201cHasan Mellah\u201d, \u201dH\u00fcseyin Fellah\u201d ve \u201cD\u00fcnyaya Yeniden Geli\u015f\u201d gibi \u00f6nemli eserlerini burada yazar. \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cK\u0131rk Ambar\u201d dergisine yaz\u0131lar g\u00f6nderir. Abd\u00fclaziz\u2019in vefat etmesi \u00fczerine taht el de\u011fi\u015ftirince bir afla g\u00fczel \u0130stanbul\u2019a geri d\u00f6ner.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka Rodos s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc, Ebuzziya Tevfik\u2019tir (1849-1913).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Su\u00e7u Nam\u0131k Kemal ile ayn\u0131. 1873 y\u0131l\u0131nda Vatan Yahut Silistre oyunun Gedik Pa\u015fa Tiyatrosu\u2019nda sergilenmesinin ard\u0131ndan \u0130bret ve Sirac gazeteleri kapan\u0131r; be\u015f gazeteci yarg\u0131lanmadan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015fti, Ebuzziya Tevfik onlaran biri. Bo\u015f durmaz burda ve Rodos s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda mahpuslar\u0131n e\u011fitimi ile ilgilenirken bir yandan da \u201cZindanda Muharrir\u201d adl\u0131\u00a0<\/span>dergiyi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Victor Hugo\u2019nun \u201cAngelo\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye uyarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cHabibe veya Semahat-\u0131 A\u015fk\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 yazar. Sadece bunlar de\u011fil, onun i\u00e7in bir yaz\u0131m merkezine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen bu Rodos\u2019ta \u201cNumune Edebiyat-\u0131 Osmaniye\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirir. Peki Ebuzziya Tevfik ne zaman affedildi? Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz\u2019in tahttan indirildikten sonra. 10 Haziran 1876\u2019da \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nebildi. Tarihin, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn kalemler i\u00e7in \u00e7izdi\u011fi bir kav\u015fakt\u0131r iktidarlar\u0131n el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

San\u0131r\u0131m bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin ezberindedir ve m\u0131r\u0131ldan\u0131r bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cU\u00e7un ku\u015flar u\u00e7un burada vefa yok\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6yle akarsular, \u00f6yle hava yok\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Feryad\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 aks-i seda yok\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu yang\u0131n yerinde so\u011fuk k\u00fcl vard\u0131r.\u201d Bu h\u00fcz\u00fcn dolu m\u0131sralar RIZA TEVF\u0130K B\u00d6L\u00dcKBA\u015eI\u2019n\u0131nd\u0131r. 1869-1949 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015far. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve gurbet y\u0131llar\u0131nda kendi \u00fclkesine d\u00f6nemeyince ku\u015flara seslenir ve onlar\u0131 yollar \u00fclkesine\u2026 Hazin, de\u011fil mi? Milli m\u00fccadele aleyhtar\u0131 Ali Kemal\u2019in lin\u00e7 edilmesi \u00fczerine 8 Kas\u0131m 1922 de \u00fclkeyi terk eder. Daha sonra TBMM\u2019nin karar\u0131yla \u201cY\u00fcz ellikler\u201d listesinde yer al\u0131r. Listede yer almas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi Sevr antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 imzalayan heyette yer almas\u0131d\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a gider. Oradan sonra \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019e gider, alt\u0131 y\u0131l \u00dcrd\u00fcn de kal\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka s\u00fcrg\u00fcn mekan\u0131 Malta\u2019d\u0131r. S\u00dcLEYMAN NAZ\u0130F Malta s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerinden. \u00dclkenin kaous g\u00fcnlerinde ya\u015far. Nazif kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cPierre Loti G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201dnde i\u015fgalciler hakk\u0131nda sarf etti\u011fi s\u00f6zler sebebiyle \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan Malta\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. Yazar 23 Mart 1920 Sal\u0131 gecesi bir harp gemisi olan Rezoli\u015fin adl\u0131 gemiyle Malta\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilir. \u00dclkesinin idaresinden s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yiyenlerin yan\u0131na bir de yeni bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fidi eklenir. Malta\u2019da 20 ay devam eden esaret hayat\u0131 Nazif \u2019teki vatan hasretini, par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f ve i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f yurdu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hissetti\u011fi \u0131st\u0131raplar\u0131n\u0131 daha \u015fiddetlendirmi\u015f ve ona en g\u00fczel vatan ve iman \u015fiirlerini yazd\u0131rtm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve gurbet onun yazmas\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6reltememi\u015f. Gurbet havas\u0131 i\u00e7inde terenn\u00fcm etti\u011fi \u201cMalta Geceleri\u201d, \u201cDa\u00fc\u2019s S\u0131la\u201d ve \u201cSon Nefesimle Hasbihal\u2019 kaleme alm\u0131\u015f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130stiklal \u015fairi MEHMET AK\u0130F ERSOY 1873-1936 tarihlerinde ya\u015far.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Milli M\u00fccadele kazan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 sert ve \u015fiddetli muhalif olanlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda yer alan Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey gibi isimlerle yak\u0131n arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu muhalif isimlerin baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e suikast planlar\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle bug\u00fcnlerde makul \u015f\u00fcphe ile i\u00e7erde tutulan bir muameleye benzer durumla \u201cdo\u011fal \u015f\u00fcpheli\u201d durumuna d\u00fc\u015fmesinden sonra polis ve istihbarat takibine al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu durum Akif \u2019i \u00fczer. Bu devirde de korkular devam eder devletin. Bir yerde yanan k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m\u0131n bin yerde izi aran\u0131r ve binler tutuklan\u0131r. Bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u0131llarda Akif \u2019in kurucusu ve yazar\u0131 bulundu\u011fu Sebil\u00fcrre\u015fad dergisi \u201c\u015eeyh Said, Sebil\u00fcrre\u015fad okuyormu\u015f, isyana senin dergin de sebep oldu.\u201d denerek kapat\u0131l\u0131r ve sahibi E\u015fref Edip, Fergana da yakalanarak istiklal mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan idamla yarg\u0131lanmak \u00fczere tutuklan\u0131r. Mehmet Akif art\u0131k s\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, onun tabiriyle pe\u015findeki \u201cpolis hafiyesi\u201d ile gezmekten. 52 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a gitmeye karar verir. 11 y\u0131l M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da kal\u0131r ama burda bo\u015f durmaz T\u00fcrk Dili ve Edebiyat\u0131 dersleri verir. 63 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ok hastayken, vefat\u0131n\u0131 hissetmi\u015f olacak ki Anadoluya d\u00f6nmeye karar verir. Vapur \u00c7anakkale\u2019den ge\u00e7erken \u0130stanbul\u2019un camilerini g\u00f6r\u00fcnce a\u011flamaya ba\u015flar Akif. Milli m\u00fccadelenin \u00f6nderlerinden Mehmet Akif Ersoy, kendi vatan\u0131nda makul \u015f\u00fcphe muamelesi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vefas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 derinden vurur onu ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden be\u015f ay sonra vefat eder.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve sondan bir \u00f6nceki \u00f6rnek Refik Halit Karay olsun. Refik Halit, Sadrazam \u015eevket Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine Cemal Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler listesine eklenilerek Sinop\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilir. Karay, Sinop\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesinin nedenini \u201cMinelbab \u0130lel- mihrab \u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 kastederek yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cH\u0131rkaya al\u0131\u015fanlar birden bire frak giyerlerse g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 olurlar.\u201d c\u00fcmlesine ba\u011flar. Refik Halit Karay ilk olarak 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sinop\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. Muktedirlerin, her zaman oldu\u011fu ele\u015ftirilmeye tahamm\u00fcl\u00fc olmay\u0131nca s\u00f6ylenen s\u00f6zler s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ile neticelenir ve \u00f6yle olur. Bir yer kesmez birden fazla yere s\u00fcrerler Refik Halit\u2019i. Sinop\u2019tan sonra 1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu kez \u00c7orum\u2019a s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, daha sonra Ankara\u2019ya oradan da Bilecik\u2019e g\u00f6nderilir. Refik Halit s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olarak Anadolu\u2019yu kar\u0131\u015f kar\u0131\u015f dola\u015f\u0131r. Yukarda bahsetti\u011fim \u00f6rneklerde oldu\u011fu gibi kimi zaman iktidar el de\u011fi\u015ftirince, kimi zaman da b\u00fcy\u00fcklerin \u00f6fkesi ge\u00e7ince bir af \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri kald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 gibi bu sefer de \u00f6yle yap\u0131l\u0131r ve Refik Halit Karay affedilir, O\u00a0da 1918\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019a geri d\u00f6ner. \u00dclke onu ta\u015f\u0131maya haz\u0131r de\u011fildir, \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131lara dayanamayarak 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkeyi terk eder. Beyrut\u2019a giden Halit Karay buradan da \u201cC\u00fcnye\u201d ye gider ve 1927 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar burada kald\u0131ktan sonra bir s\u00fcre Halep\u2019te kal\u0131r. Bir daha af ve bir daha \u00fclkeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f, sene 1933. Yazar Anadolu\u2019da ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi s\u00fcre boyunca ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6rd\u00fck lerini birle\u015ftirerek \u201cMemleket Hik\u00e2yeleri\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde anlat\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 ise \u201cMinelbab \u0130lelmihrab\u201d adl\u0131 hat\u0131ra kitab\u0131nda ele al\u0131r. Refik Halit s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeyken kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cBoz E\u015fek\u201d adl\u0131 hik\u00e2ye kitab\u0131yla ad\u0131n\u0131 duyurur.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Solun \u00f6nemli kalemlerinden biri NAZIM H\u0130KMET RAN. 1902-1963 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015far.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Naz\u0131m Hikmet Ran 1921\u2019de gitti\u011fi Moskova\u2019da, devrimin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131na tan\u0131k olur ve Kom\u00fcnizm ile tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. 1924\u2019te Moskova\u2019da ilk \u015fiir kitab\u0131 \u201c28 Kanunisani\u201d yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. O y\u0131l T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nerek Ayd\u0131nl\u0131k Dergisi\u2019nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar, ancak dergide yay\u0131nlanan \u015fiir ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 on be\u015f y\u0131l hapsi istenince tekrar Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ne gitmek zorunda kal\u0131r. Yine bir af ve yine bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn i\u00e7in umut. 1928\u2019de Af Kanunu\u2019ndan yararlanarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6ner. Resimli Ay Dergisi\u2019nde yazmaya ba\u015flar. 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r bir cezaya, yirmi sekiz y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130nsan \u00f6mr\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00e7ok fazla olan 12 sene tutukluluktan sonra askere al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fi endi\u015fesiyle bir kez daha ka\u00e7mak zorunda kal\u0131r. 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyet Birli\u011fi\u2019ne giden Naz\u0131m, 25 Temmuz 1951 tarihinde Bakanlar Kurulunca T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Polonya vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7er. Ac\u0131 bir durum de\u011fil mi yine? Ac\u0131 ki ne ac\u0131… Yazanlar\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc yetmiyor, hapsi yetmiyor bi de vatanda\u015fl\u0131ktan silinmesi. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nde Moskova yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki yazarlar k\u00f6y\u00fcnde ve daha sonra da e\u015fi Vera Tulyakova (Hikmet) ile Moskova\u2019da ya\u015far. Bo\u015f durmaz Naz\u0131m ve memleket d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu zamanlarda konferanslar verir. Ama Naz\u0131m Hikmet\u2019deki memleket \u00f6zlemi hi\u00e7 dinmez, i\u015fte \u015fu dizeler birer kan\u0131tt\u0131r:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cD\u00f6rtnala gelip Uzak Asya\u2019dan\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Akdeniz\u2019e bir k\u0131srak ba\u015f\u0131 gibi uzanan\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu memleket bizim.\u201d Evet o memleket, onu ve onun gibileri s\u00fcrg\u00fcn de etse vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da silse, onlar\u0131n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00f6z\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fc yazmakla bitmeyecek ve bir dergi i\u00e7in hacimli olabilicek bir konuyu burda bitireyim. Anadolunun bir \u00f6z\u00fcr borcu var bu kalbi kafas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck kametlere. Bug\u00fcn de s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde zindan bir\u00e7ok yazar ve \u015fair var. Tarih bunlar\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler listesine kaydetti ama onlar yazd\u0131klar\u0131 eserlerle tarihin bug\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldular. Bundan sonra da s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler olacak ve yazar\u0131n misyonu bug\u00fcn\u00fc yar\u0131na yar\u0131na sonraki nesle ta\u015f\u0131makt\u0131r. Ucunda s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, hapis vatanda\u015fl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lma oldu\u011funu bile bile\u2026.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kimi Rodostan seslendi sevdiklerine kimi Malta\u2019dan, kimi Beyrut, kimi M\u0131s\u0131rdan. Bat\u0131n\u0131n kalbinde olan Alman \u015fair ve yazarlar\u0131n Viyanadan, \u015eili\u2019den Amerika\u2019dan seslendikleri gibi\u2026 Bug\u00fcn de kimi Almanya\u2019dan kimi Fransa\u2019dan kimi Kanada\u2019dan sesleniyor kimi ise hala Anadolu\u2019da d\u00f6rt duvar aras\u0131nda\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Anadolu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc bol, s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi kolay bir \u00fclke\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u00e7ok olan bir yurt\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015eER\u0130F AYDIN\u00a0 \u201cAnadolu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc bol, s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi kolay bir \u00fclke\u2026\u00a0 A\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u00e7ok olan bir yurt\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":859,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00fcrg\u00fcn Kalemler - SES MAGAZINE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sesdergisi.ca\/?p=858\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u00fcrg\u00fcn Kalemler - SES MAGAZINE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u015eER\u0130F AYDIN\u00a0 \u201cAnadolu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc bol, s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi kolay bir \u00fclke\u2026\u00a0 A\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u00e7ok olan bir yurt\u2026\u201d\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.sesdergisi.ca\/?p=858\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SES MAGAZINE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/serifkanada\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-03-09T18:25:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.sesdergisi.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5e1e9d6955427e12500ba598.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"706\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"410\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/serifcanada1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"13 minutes\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sesdergisi.ca\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sesdergisi.ca\/\",\"name\":\"SES MAGAZINE\",\"description\":\"Literature \\u00b7 Analysis \\u00b7 Thought\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.sesdergisi.ca\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sesdergisi.ca\/?p=858#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sesdergisi.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5e1e9d6955427e12500ba598.jpg\",\"width\":706,\"height\":410},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sesdergisi.ca\/?p=858#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sesdergisi.ca\/?p=858\",\"name\":\"S\\u00fcrg\\u00fcn Kalemler - 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