Kanada edebiyat\u0131, Kanadal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen yaz\u0131l\u0131 eserlerin g\u00f6vdesi. \u00dclkenin ikili k\u00f6kenini ve resm\u00ee iki dillili\u011fini yans\u0131tan Kanada edebiyat\u0131, iki ana b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131labilir: \u0130ngilizce ve Frans\u0131zca. Bu makale, bu edebiyat\u0131n her birinin k\u0131sa bir tarihsel \u00f6zeti olacak. Ayn\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcre, tarihe, de\u011ferlere sahip \u00e7\u0131kan iki dilli edebiyat\u2026 D\u00fcnyada benzeri az. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Avrupa k\u00f6kenli olan bu \u00fclke insanlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr renkleri, ister istemez Frans\u0131z ve \u0130ngiliz edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n etkisinden kurtulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6m\u00fcrge edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n izlerini \u00e7ok derin g\u00f6rmenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck sebebi de san\u0131r\u0131m bu olsa gerek. Sadece \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z edebiyat\u0131ndan etkilenmekle kalmam\u0131\u015f, co\u011fraf\u00ee konumun da ekisiyle, Amerikan edebiyat\u0131ndan da etkilendi\u011fi \u00e7ok b\u00e2riz g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Geni\u015f topraklar\u0131 ve Kuzey Amerika ile Avrupa k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle olan a\u00e7\u0131k ileti\u015fimleri, \u015fair ve yazarlar\u0131n \u00fclke k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini yazarken ayn\u0131 zamanda evrensel tema ve diller ile eserler ortaya koymas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm d\u00fcnya k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin bir ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi Kanada edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n da ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131lan bir d\u00f6nem vard\u0131r. \u0130lk edeb\u00ee t\u00fcrler 1860\u2019lara dayan\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019n\u0131n kuzey Amerika\u2019daki s\u00f6m\u00fcrge faaliyetlerinden sonra bu topraklarda ya\u015fayanlar, ba\u015fta Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick ve Nova Socotia\u2019n\u0131n bir ulus devlet in\u015faa etme \u00fczerine vard\u0131klar\u0131 m\u00fct\u00e2bakat sonras\u0131, 1867\u2019de kurduklar\u0131 konfedarasyonla, yava\u015f yava\u015f bu alanda edeb\u00ee t\u00fcrlerde eserler vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu tarihten \u00f6nceki eserler ise Isjouvelle France\u2019i (Yeni Fransa) kuran \u00e7ift\u00e7iler, r\u00e2hipler, t\u00fcccarlar ve yeni kurulan Amerika\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp, \u0130ngiliz y\u00f6netimini tercih edenler taraf\u0131ndan ortaya konmu\u015f.<\/p>\n
Yerle\u015fimden 1900\u2019e Kanada Edebiyat\u0131nda D\u00fczyaz\u0131 ve \u015eiir<\/p>\n
Kanada\u2019n\u0131n ilk \u0130ngilizce yazarlar\u0131, k\u00e2\u015fifler, gezginler ve \u0130ngiliz subaylar\u0131 ve e\u015flerinden olu\u015fan, \u0130ngiliz Kuzey Amerika izlenimlerini \u00e7izelgeler, g\u00fcnl\u00fckler, dergiler ve mektuplarda kaydeden ziyaret\u00e7ilerdi. Seyahat notlar\u0131 ve yerle\u015fimlerin bu temel belgelerinin co\u011frafya, tarih ve k\u00f6kenler ile ki\u015fisel ve ulusal kimlik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Kanada edebiyat\u0131nda, belgesel t\u00fcr\u00fcnde eserler gelene\u011fi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ele\u015ftirmen Northrop Frye\u2019un ifade etti\u011fi gibi Kanada edebiyat\u0131, \u201cBuras\u0131 neresi?\u201d sorusu \u00fczerine kuruldu.\u00a0 <\/span>B\u00f6ylece halklar\u0131n ve yerlerin mec\u00e2zi haritalamalar\u0131, Kanada\u2019y\u0131, edeb\u00ee hayal g\u00fcc\u00fc evriminin merkezi h\u00e2line getirdi.<\/p>\n B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019dan kopmama yanl\u0131lar\u0131, baz\u0131 edebiyat yap\u0131tlar\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130lk \u015fiirlerin \u00e7o\u011funun vatansever \u015fark\u0131lar ve ilahiler (The Loyal Verses of Joseph Stansbury and Doctor Jonathan Odell, 1860) ya da topografik anlat\u0131lar olmas\u0131 yan\u0131s\u0131ra, ilk ziyaret\u00e7ilerin, yeni topraklar\u0131 ve sakinlerini ke\u015ffetme ve adland\u0131rma konusundaki endi\u015felerini yans\u0131t\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n 1606\u2019da, Acadie\u2019deki Port Royal\u2019de (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia), Samuel de Champlain\u2019le birlikte bir k\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7iren Marc Lescarbot, Yeni D\u00fcnya\u2019daki ilk Frans\u0131z tiyatro yap\u0131t\u0131 olan \u201cLe The\u00e2tre de Neptune Neptunus\u201d adl\u0131 dansl\u0131 oyununu sahneletti. E\u015fi 1760 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Quebec City\u2019deki \u0130ngiliz garnizonunun r\u00e2hibi olan Frances Brooke, ilk Kanada roman\u0131 say\u0131lan 4 ciltlik \u201cHistory of Emily Montague\u201dn\u00fcn (Emily Montague\u2019nin \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc) b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yazd\u0131. Kanada\u2019n\u0131n bu en eski yazarlar\u0131ndan sonraki ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, \u0130ngiliz Kuzey Amerikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en g\u00fczel, en \u00e7ok be\u011feni toplayan yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 yaratt\u0131lar. John Richardson\u2019un, Pontiac suikastini konu alan \u201cWacousta\u201d adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 d\u00f6nemi Kanada edebiyat\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck yer tutan tarihsel roman\u0131n en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinden biri oldu. New England\u2019den Nova Scotia\u2019ya yerle\u015fmi\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7men bir ailenin o\u011flu olan T.C. Halibuston\u2019un, \u201cThe Clockmaker, or The Sayings and Doings of Samuel Slick of Slickville\u201di (Saat\u00e7i ya da Slickvilleli Samuel Slick\u2019\u0131n S\u00f6zleri ve Davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, 1835-36) adl\u0131 roman\u0131, 1830 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan sonra gerek Kanada\u2019da, gerek Kanada d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan bir\u00e7ok romanda \u00f6rnek al\u0131nd\u0131. X. Garneau, yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cKanada Tarihi\u201d ile (1845-48) b\u00fct\u00fcn bir yazarlar ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 -\u00f6zellikle Frans\u0131z miras\u0131n\u0131 dile getiren Octave Cremazie\u2019yi- etkiledi.<\/p>\n 1867\u2019DEN B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 D\u00dcNYA SAVA\u015eI\u2019NA<\/p>\n 1867 Konfederasyonu ve onu izleyen d\u00f6nemde Rupert\u2019s Topra\u011f\u0131 (1870), \u0130ngiliz Kolombiyas\u0131 (1871) ve Prens Edward adas\u0131n\u0131n (1873) konfederasyona kat\u0131lmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca \u201cdenizden denize bir dominyon\u201d olu\u015fturmakla kalmay\u0131p, ulusal Kanada edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesine de \u00f6na-yak oldu. Bu geli\u015fmenin evrelerinden birini, Kanadal\u0131 yazarlar\u0131n, Kanada tarihinin \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131na ve ki\u015filerine ili\u015fkin yap\u0131tlar vererek, tarih bilinci yaratma giri\u015fimleri olu\u015fturdu. Louis Honore Frechette, Mississipi\u2019nin Louis Jolliet ve Jacques Marquette taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffinin 200. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fc m\u00fc nedeniyle, Kanada\u2019n\u0131n \u201cyeni kaderine\u201d inanc\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamak i\u00e7in, \u201cLa Decouverte du Mississippi\u201d (Mississippi`nin Ke\u015ffi) \u015fiirini yazd\u0131. William Kirby\u2019nin \u0130ngilizlerin eline ge\u00e7mesinden \u00f6nceki Nouvelle France\u2019\u0131 konu alan \u201cThe Golden Dog\u201d (Alt\u0131n K\u00f6pek, 1877) roman\u0131, \u0130ngiliz-Kanada tarihi ve mitolojisine, Kanada\u2019daki Frans\u0131z miras\u0131n\u0131n katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak amac\u0131yla yaz\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n XX. yy. \u00f6ncesindeki edebiyat\u0131n bir ba\u015fka evresini, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesindeki on be\u015f, yirmi y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00fcr\u00fcn veren, birbirlerinden bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kopuk, Kanadal\u0131 yazarlar toplulu\u011fu olu\u015fturdu. Okur kitlesi aras\u0131nda \u201cKonfederasyon \u015eairleri\u201d ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan ve ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik ile b\u00f6lgecili\u011fin birle\u015fimini yapan topluluk yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiirleri ve d\u00fczyaz\u0131lar\u0131, gerek Kanada\u2019da, gerek Kanada d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi uyand\u0131rd\u0131. Wilfred Campbell, Bliss Carman, Charles G.D. Roberts ve Duncan Campbell Scott gibi edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7eren toplulu\u011fun belki de en \u00f6nemli yazar\u0131 olan Roberts, Kanada\u2019da ve Kanada d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda geni\u015f bir okuyucu toplulu\u011fu edindi ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da yap\u0131t\u0131yla Kanada edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131larda bulundu. Sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi yazarlar\u0131ndan L.M. Montgomery\u2019nin, Prens Edward adas\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklu\u011funun ac\u0131 ve tatl\u0131 yanlar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cAnne of Green Gablesh\u201d (1908), d\u00fcnyada en \u00e7ok okunan kitaplar aras\u0131na girdi. (G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir okuyucu kitlesinin ilgisini \u00e7ekmektedir). Montgomery\u2019ninkiler gibi romanlar\u0131n Kanada\u2019ya getirdi\u011fi \u00fcn, ba\u015fka uluslardan yazarlar\u0131 da Kanada\u2019y\u0131 konu alan yap\u0131tlar vermeye y\u00f6neltti. Bunun en ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6rneklerinden biri, Louis FJemon\u2019un, Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda Kanada imgesinin yerle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan ve daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir Kanada edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunan, \u201cMaria Chapdelaine\u201d (1916) adl\u0131 roman\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Yukar\u0131 Kanada ve A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Kanada\u2019n\u0131n (\u015fu anda Quebec) konfederasyona d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi, \u015fair ve yazarlarda, vatansever ve edeb\u00ee faaliyetlerin tela\u015f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Seleflerinden farkl\u0131 olarak, art\u0131k sadece do\u011fay\u0131 tan\u0131mlamay\u0131p veya ahlak\u00ee h\u00e2le getirmeyip ayn\u0131 zamanda Ottawal\u0131 \u015fair Archibald Lampman\u2019\u0131n \u201c\u015eairin ruhu ve do\u011fan\u0131n ruhu ve gizemi aras\u0131ndaki cevap uyumu\u201dnu yakalamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Lampman manzaradaki meditasyonlar\u0131yla bilinir. H\u00fck\u00fcmet y\u00f6neticisi olan Scott, Kanada\u2019n\u0131n kuzey vah\u015fi do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 tasvir etmesindense, Kanada yerlilerinin asimilasyonunu savunmakla tan\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n Modern d\u00f6nem, 1900 \u2013<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kanada edebiyat\u0131, Konfederasyon yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoldan y\u00fcr\u00fcmekte, Kanada tarihinden olay ve ki\u015filer, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn yazarlar\u0131na da konu olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Thomas Raddal\u2019\u0131n \u201cHis Majesty\u2019s Yankees\u201d (Majestelerinin Yankeeleri, 1942), Nova Scotial\u0131lar\u0131n, Amerikan Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n, karma\u015f\u0131k, ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir betimlemesidir. Kanada B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanus Demiryolu\u2019nun yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 anlatan epik \u015fiiri \u201cTowards the Last Spike\u201d (Son M\u0131zrak, 1952) ile E.J. Pratt, u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z topraklar\u0131 ama da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k bir n\u00fcfusu bulunan \u00fclkede, Kanadal\u0131-ABD\u2019li ili\u015fkileri ile ileti\u015fim sorununu irdelemi\u015ftir. Hugh Maclennan\u2019\u0131n \u201cTwo Solitudes\u201d (\u00c7ifte Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k, 1945) ve \u201cReturn of the Sphinx\u201d (Sfenks\u2019in D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, 1967) adl\u0131 yap\u0131tlar\u0131 ile Gabrielle Roy\u2019un \u201cBonheur d\u2019Occasion\u201d (Ucuz Mutluluk, 1945) adl\u0131 roman\u0131, Quebec\u2019te, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Frans\u0131z ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareketini irdelemekten de \u00f6teye giden romanlard\u0131r. S\u00fcrekli Kanada d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan az say\u0131da \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f Kanadal\u0131 yazar bulunmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00fclke-<\/p>\n leri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda uzun y\u0131llar ge\u00e7irenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7oktur. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, Kanada \u00fcst\u00fcnde yo\u011fun etkilerini h\u00e2l\u00e2 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda gidip gelmektedirler. S\u00f6zgelimi Paul Morin ve Morley Callaghan Paris\u2019te ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131; Mavis Gallant g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de Paris\u2019te ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Mordecai Richler, uzun y\u0131llar ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Londra\u2019dan Kanada\u2019ya k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ve bir g\u00f6\u00e7men Yahudi ailenin o\u011flu olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nlerden, Kanada\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc, \u00e7ok dilli bir topluma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunan bir toplulu\u011fun temsilcisidir. Richler gibi zaman zaman ABD\u2019de ya\u015fayan Leonard Cohen\u2019de, Yahudi as\u0131ll\u0131 bir yazard\u0131r. Frans\u0131z Kanada\u2019n\u0131n kendi kimli\u011fini bulma iste\u011fi, \u00e7ok say\u0131da yetenekli yazar\u0131n, \u015fairin ve gazetecinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Kanada\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, uluslararas\u0131 alanda da \u00fcn kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6yk\u00fc yazar\u0131, Marie Claire Blais, bu edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n en \u00e7ok tan\u0131nanlar\u0131ndan biridir. \u015eair ve romanc\u0131 Jacque Godbout, \u201cTetes a Popineaui\u201d (1982) adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131nda, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k \u00f6zlemi ile \u0130ngiliz Kanada\u2019ya duyulan gereksinme aras\u0131nda sanc\u0131lar \u00e7eken Frans\u0131z Quebec\u2019teki siyasal gerilimleri yans\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Antoine Maillet, Acadie\u2019de ge\u00e7en \u201cPelagie Anayurduna D\u00f6n\u00fcyor\u201d roman\u0131yla, 1979\u2019da Fransa\u2019da Goncourt \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc kazanm\u0131\u015f, 1982\u2019de roman\u0131n bir t\u00fcr devam\u0131 olan \u201c\u00c7ent Ans dans le Bois\u201dy\u0131 (Ormanda Y\u00fcz Y\u0131l) yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Quebec leh\u00e7esiyle yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk tiyatro oyunu \u201cLes Belles Soeurs\u201d (Eltiler) ile b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131lar uyand\u0131ran Michel Trembley, Frans\u0131z as\u0131ll\u0131 yazarlar\u0131n en etkinlerindendir. Kurgusal \u00f6z ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7lemesinin son cildi \u201cLa duchesse et le Roturier\u201d (D\u00fc\u015fe\u015f ile Serseri), 1982\u2019de yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yan\u0131nda ilgiyle okunan \u0130ngiliz as\u0131ll\u0131 Kanadal\u0131 yazarlar\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fcleri aras\u0131nda, \u0130rlanda as\u0131ll\u0131 Kanadal\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcc\u00fc Brian Moore (I Am Mary Dunne, 1968) ve \u00fcnl\u00fc edebiyat ele\u015ftirmeni Northrop Frye say\u0131labilir. \u015eair ve romanc\u0131 Margaret Atwood, \u201cThe Handmaid\u2019s Ta- \/e\u201d (Eli\u015fi \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc, 1986), \u201cCat\u2019s Eye\u201d (Kedi G\u00f6z\u00fc, 1988), vb. yap\u0131tlar\u0131nda, ya\u015fama feminist bir g\u00f6zle bakmay\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u00d6yk\u00fc yazar\u0131 Alice Munro\u2019nun \u201cThe Progress of Love\u201d (A\u015fk\u0131n Yolu, 1986) dizisi b\u00fcy\u00fck be\u011feni toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Denemeci-romanc\u0131 Robertson Davies\u2019de \u201cThe Depttord Trilogy\u201d (Deptford \u00dc\u00e7lemesi, 1970-75) ile \u00fcnl\u00fc yazarlardand\u0131r. Sri Lanka as\u0131ll\u0131 \u015fair Michael Ondaatje, \u201cIn the Skin of the Lion\u201d (Aslan Postu \u0130\u00e7inde) adl\u0131 roman\u0131yla \u00f6d\u00fcl alm\u0131\u015f, \u00c7ek m\u00fcltecisi Josef Skvorecky, aralar\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn ele\u015ftirmenler taraf\u0131ndan ilgiyle kar\u015f\u0131lanan \u201cDvorak in Love\u201d (Dvorak\u2019\u0131n A\u015fk\u0131, 1986) adl\u0131 roman\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu, bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli yap\u0131t vermi\u015ftir. ABD k\u00f6kenli olsa da uzun s\u00fcre Kanada\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Elizabeth Spence ise 1986\u2019da \u201cThe Light in the Piazza\u201d (Alandaki I\u015f\u0131k) adl\u0131 unutulmaz bir \u00f6yk\u00fc derlemesi yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nde gelen \u015fairlerden Dorothy Livesay\u2019de, \u015fairlik ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fczel \u015fiirlerini \u201cThe Self-Completing Tree\u201d (1986) adl\u0131 kitapta toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Tarihsel bir s\u00f6ylem olan ansiklopedik bu yaz\u0131 tarz\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funun fark\u0131nday\u0131m ama tarihsel ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ele almak zorunda oldu\u011fumuz i\u00e7in ilk yaz\u0131m bu \u015fekilde olmu\u015f oldu. Giri\u015fte de ifade etti\u011fim gibi Kanada edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n beslenme kayna\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131n Avrupa k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130ngilizce, Frans\u0131zca idi. Bununla birlikte, son y\u0131llarda Kanada\u2019n\u0131n edebiyat\u0131 di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden gelen g\u00f6\u00e7menler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde etkilenmi\u015ftir. 1980\u2019lerden bu yana Kanada\u2019n\u0131n etnik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi edebiyat\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yans\u0131m\u0131\u015f, en \u00f6nemli yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu etnik az\u0131nl\u0131k kimli\u011fi, ikilik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel farkl\u0131l\u0131klara odaklanm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n Bu bu d\u00f6nem veya ya\u015fayan Kanada edebiyat\u0131?<\/p>\n Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z, uluslararas\u0131 alanda en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Kanadal\u0131 ya\u015fayan yazar -\u00f6zellikle Robertson Davies ve Mordecai Richler\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden beri- \u00fcretken bir romanc\u0131, \u015fair ve edebiyat ele\u015ftirmeni, Margaret Atwood\u2019dur. Kanada\u2019n\u0131n 20.Y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki di\u011fer \u00f6nemli yazarlar\u0131 Margaret Laurence, Gabrielle Roy ve Alice Munro\u2019dur. Bu grup, \u0130ngilizce k\u0131sa \u00f6yk\u00fclerin ya\u015fayan en iyi yazar\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc sahibi Alice Munro ile birlikte, Kanada Edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnya sahnesine y\u00fckselten ilk ki\u015filerdi. \u201cG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Kanada Edebiyat\u0131\u201d diye tasnif edilebilecek Kanada\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fayan edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 bir sonraki say\u0131da ele alaca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n Kaynak:<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/art\/Canadian-literature<\/p>\n http:\/\/www.nedirnerededir.com\/nedir\/kanada(edebiyat)#.Xvbe8C2z36A<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Zafer Kaya Kanada edebiyat\u0131, Kanadal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen yaz\u0131l\u0131 eserlerin g\u00f6vdesi. \u00dclkenin ikili k\u00f6kenini ve resm\u00ee iki dillili\u011fini yans\u0131tan<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1235,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n